Effects of pulverized cockle shell as mineral filler to voids and cracks in concrete paving block using upv and upe/ John Angelo S. Alonzo, Mon Albert L. Castillo, Lizbeth Laurize L. Flestado, Lj B. Gubatanga, and Mica Lorraine M. Santos.--

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Alonzo, John Angelo S [author]

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Material type: Text

TextPublication details: Manila: Technological University of the Philippines, 2025.Description: xiii, 159pages: 29cmContent type:

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BTH TH 438 A46 2025

Dissertation note: College of Industrial Technology.-- Bachelor of engineering technology major in construction technology: Technological University of the Philippines, 2025. Summary: Discarded cockle shells in Philippine coastal areas, like Camarines Sur, pose environmental risks. However, their rich calcium carbonate content, determined at 65.54%, can enhance the properties of concrete. This study tested pulverized cockle shells as mineral filler in concrete paving blocks for light traffic areas. Various percentages of pulverized cockle shells, including 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, were added to the mixture, utilizing cement-sand-aggregate ratios of 1:1:1.5 with a water-cement ratio of 0.37, and cement-sand ratios of 1:3 with a water-cement ratio of 0.40. After 28 days of curing, the blocks were tested for compressive strength, water absorption, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and ultrasonic pulse echo. For blocks with coarse aggregates, Mix 1 had the highest compressive strength at 50.54 MPa, while Mix 2 had lowest at 36.52 MPa. Without coarse aggregates, Mix 1 reached 42.72 MPa, whereas Mix 2 had the lowest at 29.13 MPa. According to water absorption tests, blocks containing aggregates absorbed 2.93% of water in the control mix and 2.30% in Mix 5. The control mix without aggregates had 4.82% absorption, while Mix 5 had the lowest absorption at 4.06%. Flexural strength in concrete paving block with coarse aggregates, Mix 1 had highest strength at 2.55 MPa, while Mix 5 had lowest at 1.44 MPa, while block without coarse aggregates, Mix 1 achieved highest strength at 2.30 MPa, and Mix 5 the lowest at 0.77 MPa. Ultrasonic pulse echo showed that Mix 1 exhibited more voids than Mix 5. In ultrasonic pulse velocity, both Mix 1 and Mix 5 achieved ASTM C597, with velocity rates exceeding the minimum passing rate 3, 500m/s.

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Bachelor's Thesis CIT	TUP Manila Library	Thesis Section-2nd floor	BTH TH 438 A46 2025 (Browse shelf(Opens below))	c.1	Not for loan		BTH0006335

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Bachelor's thesis

College of Industrial Technology.--
Bachelor of engineering technology major in construction technology: Technological University of the Philippines,
2025.

Includes bibliographic references and index.

Discarded cockle shells in Philippine coastal areas, like Camarines Sur, pose
environmental risks. However, their rich calcium carbonate content, determined at
65.54%, can enhance the properties of concrete. This study tested pulverized cockle
shells as mineral filler in concrete paving blocks for light traffic areas. Various
percentages of pulverized cockle shells, including 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, were added
to the mixture, utilizing cement-sand-aggregate ratios of 1:1:1.5 with a water-cement
ratio of 0.37, and cement-sand ratios of 1:3 with a water-cement ratio of 0.40. After 28
days of curing, the blocks were tested for compressive strength, water absorption,
flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and ultrasonic pulse echo. For blocks with
coarse aggregates, Mix 1 had the highest compressive strength at 50.54 MPa, while Mix
2 had lowest at 36.52 MPa. Without coarse aggregates, Mix 1 reached 42.72 MPa,
whereas Mix 2 had the lowest at 29.13 MPa. According to water absorption tests, blocks
containing aggregates absorbed 2.93% of water in the control mix and 2.30% in Mix 5.
The control mix without aggregates had 4.82% absorption, while Mix 5 had the lowest
absorption at 4.06%. Flexural strength in concrete paving block with coarse aggregates,
Mix 1 had highest strength at 2.55 MPa, while Mix 5 had lowest at 1.44 MPa, while
block without coarse aggregates, Mix 1 achieved highest strength at 2.30 MPa, and Mix 5
the lowest at 0.77 MPa. Ultrasonic pulse echo showed that Mix 1 exhibited more voids
than Mix 5. In ultrasonic pulse velocity, both Mix 1 and Mix 5 achieved ASTM C597,
with velocity rates exceeding the minimum passing rate 3, 500m/s.

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