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Lead bioaccumulation of narra tree (pterocarpus indicus) from ermita, manila and san pablo, laguna/ Jalen Ron O. Delos Santos, Wesly Morris M. Mendoza, Janine S. Nebril, and Adrian Joshua D. Pingkian.--

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublication details: Manila: Technological University of the Philippines, 2025.Description: ix, 139pages: 29cmContent type:
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Subject(s): LOC classification:
  • BTH GF 41 D45 2025
Dissertation note: College of Science.-- Bachelor of science in environmental science: Technological University of the Philippines, 2025. Summary: This study evaluated the bioaccumulation of lead in Narra tree (Pterocarpus indicus) leaves collected from Ermita, Manila, and San Pablo, Laguna, over three months (February to April 2025). The aim was to quantify lead levels in leaves and assess the extent of accumulation due to environmental exposure through soil and air. Samples of leaves, soil, and ambient air were collected monthly and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The lead concentrations were mg/kg for in soil and leaves and μg/mg for air. The Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) and Metal Accumulation Index (MAI) were calculated to support the evaluation. At the same time, Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to interpret the relationships and patterns observed. Results revealed increased lead accumulation in Narra leaves over time, with mean concentrations increasing from 2.31 mg/kg in February to 61.17 mg/kg in April. Soil lead concentrations increased, reaching 35.94 mg/kg in Ermita Site 3. In contrast, air Pb levels declined during the study period, from 9.38 μg/mg in February to undetectable in April, particularly in Ermita, Manila. The MAI values were nearly identical between sites, 7.15 for Ermita, Manila, and 7.21 for San Pablo, Laguna, indicating a similar overall accumulation level. The highest BAF was recorded in San Pablo, Laguna Site 2 (4.70), suggesting localized environmental variation in Pb uptake. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between soil and leaf Pb levels (r = 0.856) and a negative correlation between air and leaf Pb (r = – 0.821), supporting the inference that soil was the primary source of accumulated lead. These results prove the progressive accumulation of lead in Pterocarpus indicus over time and highlight the need for further monitoring heavy metal uptake in vegetation across different environments.
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Bachelor's thesis


College of Science.--
Bachelor of science in environmental science: Technological University of the Philippines,
2025.

Includes bibliographic references and index.

This study evaluated the bioaccumulation of lead in Narra tree (Pterocarpus
indicus) leaves collected from Ermita, Manila, and San Pablo, Laguna, over three months
(February to April 2025). The aim was to quantify lead levels in leaves and assess the
extent of accumulation due to environmental exposure through soil and air. Samples of
leaves, soil, and ambient air were collected monthly and analyzed using Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (AAS). The lead concentrations were mg/kg for in soil and leaves and μg/mg
for air. The Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) and Metal Accumulation Index (MAI) were
calculated to support the evaluation. At the same time, Two-Way Repeated Measures
ANOVA was used to interpret the relationships and patterns observed. Results revealed
increased lead accumulation in Narra leaves over time, with mean concentrations
increasing from 2.31 mg/kg in February to 61.17 mg/kg in April. Soil lead concentrations
increased, reaching 35.94 mg/kg in Ermita Site 3. In contrast, air Pb levels declined during
the study period, from 9.38 μg/mg in February to undetectable in April, particularly in
Ermita, Manila. The MAI values were nearly identical between sites, 7.15 for Ermita,
Manila, and 7.21 for San Pablo, Laguna, indicating a similar overall accumulation level.
The highest BAF was recorded in San Pablo, Laguna Site 2 (4.70), suggesting localized
environmental variation in Pb uptake. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive
relationship between soil and leaf Pb levels (r = 0.856) and a negative correlation between
air and leaf Pb (r = – 0.821), supporting the inference that soil was the primary source of
accumulated lead. These results prove the progressive accumulation of lead in Pterocarpus
indicus over time and highlight the need for further monitoring heavy metal uptake in
vegetation across different environments.

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