Agripa, Arian Mae P.  <br/><br/>
Property characterization of concrete with water hyacinth ash and banana peel pectin as partial replacement to cement/ 
Arian Mae P. Agripa, Rosanna A. Agustin, Kurt Lester C. Bucasas, Stephanie Danielle G. Hizole, and Krystial Junie S. Visda .-- 
 - Manila:   Technological University of the Philippines,   2023.  
 - xviii, 198pages:   29cm.  
<br/><br/> Bachelor's thesis 
<br/><br/>College of engineering .-- 
<br/><br/>Includes bibliographic references and index. 
<br/><br/> The study investigated water hyacinth ash (WHA) together with banana peel pectin<br/>(BPP) as partial replacements to cement. Due to the continuous problem of invasive water<br/>hyacinth, that infests water bodies and high amounts of waste produced from bananas<br/>which have no immediate use, these came as convenient materials for this study to use, in<br/>which the demand for cement these days constantly increases and causes more carbon<br/>dioxide (CO2) emissions. The general objective of the study is to evaluate the properties of<br/>concrete that contain pectin from the peels of bananas and water hyacinth ash in<br/>replacement of various amounts of cement. The concrete's mechanical and fresh properties<br/>were tested to establish the efficiency of using water hyacinth ash and banana peel pectin<br/>as partial cement replacements. The design mixes consist of a control group of 100%<br/>Portland Cement, and a treatment group with three different cement replacement<br/>percentages such as 5%, 10%, and 15%, with five different material ratios (100:0, 75:25,<br/>50:50, 25:75, 0:100). The water hyacinth was obtained from multiple locations, most<br/>notably from the rivers located in Tanza, Cavite and Bustos, Bulacan. It was dried by<br/>setting the water hyacinth under direct sunlight for a period of 7 days. Upon drying, it was<br/>transported to a crematorium and was turned into ash at 600°C. On the other hand, the<br/>banana peels were obtained from consumers/businesses who mainly use Saba bananas. The<br/>preparation of samples was performed following the procedures of Castillo-Israel et al.<br/>(2015). After soaking in a mixture 0.05% sodium metabisulfite and clean water, the banana<br/>peels were left to dry under the sun. Once the banana peels were stripped of their moisture<br/>content, it was powderized via a food processor and sieved until the fineness of the powder<br/>passed through sieve no.100. A Microwave-assisted extraction process was conducted in<br/><br/>v<br/><br/>accordance with the procedure of Rota et al. (2018). A mixture of the sieved banana peel<br/>powder, water, and citric acid was microwaved at 700 watts and cooled until it has reached<br/>room temperature. The solution was then filtered through multiple layers of cheesecloths,<br/>separating the coagulated mass from the filtrate. Upon washing the coagulated mass with<br/>three 95% ethanol washes, the filtrate was dried at a temperature of 65°C until its weight<br/>remained constant. The resulting product the underwent Fourier Transform Infrared<br/>Spectroscopy (FTIR) study. It was seen in the test that the pectin derived from banana peels<br/>contained similar properties comparable to that of pectin that is sold commercially. The<br/>water hyacinth ash that underwent Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction (WD-XRF)<br/>showed that it contains pozzolanic materials, which is one of the properties of cement<br/>which determines if the material can be utilized as a cement replacement. Good workability<br/>was also observed as the incorporation of pectin increased as evidenced by the test<br/>conducted in accordance to ASTM standards. The treatment groups appeared to have<br/>performed as well as the control sample in other property tests despite having minute<br/>increases in some of the design mixes. Upon graphical observation of the comparison of<br/>the results obtained during the tests, design M-10-D was considered as the optimum design<br/>mix. This can be seen through results obtained following the procedures indicated in the<br/>ASTM testing standards. The design mix placed 2nd in terms average compressive strength<br/><br/>and gave results which surpassed that of the control sample. The results from the split-<br/>tensile strength test were comparable to the results of the control sample, with values<br/>ranging around the average strength reached by the control sample, while flexural strength<br/>of the sample resulted above average in comparison with other design mixes.<br/>Keywords: water hyacinth ash, banana peel pectin, cement partial replacement 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Civil engineering <br/>Water hyacinth ash <br/>Banana peel pectin 
<br/><br/><label>LC Class. No.: </label>BTH TA 145  / A37 2023