Abaya, Sandra Hazel T.  <br/><br/>
Evaluating Financial Risk Level Of Fourth-year Students From College Of Liberal Arts At The Technological  University Of The Philippines Manila/  Franchising Vs. Start-up Business: 
Sandra Hazel T. Abaya, Dennisse Anne C. Cutamora, Jonalyn Riem B. Narvasa, Shawn Kenneth H. Reyes, Felixander A. Sembrano and Noriel G. Unicruz.-- 
 - Technological University Of The Philippines, Manila.  2025 
 - x, 96 pages.  29 cm 
<br/><br/> Bachelor's thesis 
<br/><br/>College of Liberal Arts.-- 
<br/><br/>Includes bibliographic references and index. 
<br/><br/> The focus of this study is to determine the financial risk levels of students from Manila<br/>City, Philippines, during the academic year 2024-2025 to guide their decisions on<br/>franchising or starting up a business. The researchers identified the respondents'<br/>demographic profiles and examined their financial risk levels related to franchising and<br/>starting up a business. Additionally, the study assessed the strategies used to manage<br/>financial risks and determined whether a significant difference exists in financial risk levels<br/>between these two options. A quantitative research method and descriptive design were<br/>employed. Data were collected through survey questionnaires distributed via Google<br/>Forms to 200 fourth-year students from the College of Liberal Arts (CLA) at the<br/>Technological University of the Philippines (TUP) Manila. A purposive sampling<br/>technique was applied. Simple percentage was used for respondent profiles, Weighted<br/>mean for interpreting financial risk levels and strategies, and the Mann-Whitney U test to<br/>evaluate significant differences. The findings reveal financial risk factors and strategies,<br/>with most respondents preferring start-ups over franchises. Financial risks include tax<br/>increases, inflation, and financial literacy gaps, rated as "high." To address these,<br/>respondents use strategic tools such as SWOT, PESTEL, and SMART goals, with SMART<br/>goals being the most effective. Start-up respondents feel more impacted by financial<br/>literacy gaps than franchise respondents. A significant difference exists for financial<br/>literacy gaps, while no significant difference was found for tax increases and inflation.<br/>These findings underscore the importance of enhanced business education and financial<br/>management skills to prepare entrepreneurs for business difficulties.<br/>Keywords: Financial Risks, Start-ups, Franchising, Business Education, Financial<br/>Literacy 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Industrial Management<br/>Financial Literacy
<br/><br/><label>LC Class. No.: </label>BTH HD 28   / A23 2025