Utilization of milkfish (chanos chanos) scale as varnish for print finishing/
Latrell Penny C. Alindogan, Sara Bernadette D. Balbido, Bryan Christian T. Juplo, Cyril John A. Matias, and Daryl Hart B. Sandico.--
- Manila: Technological University of the Philippines, 2025.
- xi, 103pages: 29cm.
Bachelor's thesis
College of Industrial Technology.--
Includes bibliographic references and index.
Using synthetic varnish in print production has contributed to plastic pollution and hindered printing waste recycling. This study, "Utilization of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Scale as Varnish for Print Finishing," aimed to develop a varnish for print finishing. Milkfish scales collected from the Zapote-Bacoor Market in Bacoor City, Cavite, underwent demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation to extract chitosan, the key component in the varnish. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the suitability of the extracted chitosan. The varnish was formulated by dissolving chitosan in 1% acetic acid solution, mixed with glycerol, ethanol, PEG 600, and sodium alginate. Drying tests evaluated viscosity, drying time, and film formation. Trial 3, composed of chitosan, ethanol, PEG 600, and glycerol without sodium alginate, demonstrated the highest viscosity (403 cps), faster drying time, and superior film-forming capabilities, especially on photo and sticker paper. The color and odor of the varnish applied to the substrate changed over time. To assess acceptability, 30 respondents, including printers, finishers, and students from the Graphic Arts and Printing Technology Department, evaluated the varnish using the TUP-CIT Matrix System, covering functionality, aesthetics, durability, workability, economy, safety, and saleability. The product received an overall rating of 4.58, interpreted as very good and highly acceptable. This study highlights the potential of milkfish scales as an alternative to synthetic varnish.