Integrating arduino-based sensor systems with hec-ras for hydraulic parameter determination: Hydraulic modeling and mitigation planning in sulipan apalit, pampanga/ Karl Joshua M. Calceña, Regina Carla E. Constatino, Patricia L. Deang, Christian John R. Fabro, and Ma. Katrina S. Katigbak.--

Bachelor's Thesis

College of Engineering.-- Bachelor of science in civil engineering: Technological University of the Philippines, 2024.

Includes bibliographic references and index.

Flood remains a significant concern in the Philippines, particularly in low-lying
areas like Sulipan, Apalit, Pampanga. This study aimed to develop a mitigation plan to
reduce the risk of flooding by integrating Arduino-based sensor systems with HEC-RAS
for hydraulic modeling. The data collection combined historical data and real-time
measurements. The sensor systems collected real-time water level and flow velocity data
from April 18 to May 18, 2024. PRBFFWC Hydrological Data from 2021 were analyzed
to prove correlations between Gabaldon (Upstream), Arayat (Downstream 1), and Sulipan
(Downstream 2) within the Pampanga River Basin. Model equations from these
correlations were validated using the 2023 Hydrological Data or PRBFFWC and utilizing
data collected from the Arduino-based sensor systems. The Rational Method Analysis was
also utilized to calculate peak discharges in Sulipan from the whole catchment area across
multiple return periods (10, 25, 50, and 100 years). Validation against PAGASA
PRBFFWC Hydrological Data confirmed the system's reliability, with a mean accuracy of
86.6% for water level and flow rate measurements. The findings revealed significant water
level increases in the downstream area due to upstream runoff. These results emphasize
upstream rainfall's influence on downstream flooding and highlight the significance of
integrating the Arduino-based sensor systems for flood management. Deployment of
prototypes in upstream areas allowed data predictions in low-lying areas susceptible to
flooding. The proposed Early Warning System offers a practical approach to reducing flood
risks and enhancing preparedness in vulnerable communities by providing timely alerts to
authorities and residents in Sulipan. This study demonstrates the utility of cost-effective
technology, analysis of historical data, regression models, and advanced computational
tools for future hydrological research and practical applications in water resource
management.