000			03002nam a22003257a 4500
003			OSt
005			20250625114853.0
008			250625b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_aTUPM _bEnglish _cTUPM _dTUPM _erda
050			_aBTH TH 438 _bA43 2024
100			_aAlcala, Naomi Elyza S. _eauthor
245			_aEnhancement of the compressive strength of concrete paving blocks with pulverized tilapia fish scale as mineral filler/ _cNaomi Elyza S. Alcala, Geo B. Cayagaya, Aejean G. Ponting, Jay Mark V. Suarez, and Justin Paul E. Valenzuela.--
260			_aManila: _bTechnological University of the Philippines, _c2024.
300			_ax, 102pages: _c29cm.
336			_2rdacontent
337			_2rdamedia
338			_2rdacarrier
500			_aBachelor's Thesis
502			_aCollege of Industrial Technology.-- _bBachelor of engineering technology major in construction technology: _cTechnological University of the Philippines. _d2024.
504			_aIncludes bibliographic references and index.
520			_aIn the Philippines, tilapia is the second most important fish raised. Fish scales are frequently viewed as abandoned garbage from the aquaculture sector, which presents significant problems with material waste and environmental harm. Tilapia fish scales are primarily composed of calcium carbonate, which has the structure of calcium hydroxyapatite and adds to the compressive strength of the building material. Research suggests that tilapia fish scales may benefit concrete mixtures, particularly concrete paving blocks, voids, and compressive strength. This study investigates the use of pulverized Tilapia fish scales as a mineral filler to improve the compressive strength of concrete paving blocks. Pulverized Tilapia fish scales were used to make concrete paving blocks with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The cement-sand-aggregates ratio is 1:1.5:1:5 with water-cement ratio of 0.30 while 0.31 for 0% pulverized Tilapia fish scales. The blocks underwent a 28-day curing process. All necessary specifications and standard tests methods followed the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), including ASTM C936 for target compressive strength and water absorption by using ASTM C140 as standard test method. Based on water absorption test results, mix 2 has the lowest with 8.93%. Based on compressive strength test results, mix 1 has the highest with 56.84 MPa. Using the TUP Instrument Evaluation Form, thirty (30) respondents including engineers, architects, and other professionals in the construction industry assessed the developed prototype. The evaluation received a descriptive score of "Very Acceptable" and an overall mean of 4.22.
650			_aCompressive strength
650			_aMineral filler
650			_aEnhancement
700			_aCayagaya, Geo B. _eauthor
700			_aPonting, Aejean C. _eauthor
700			_aSuarez, Jay Mark V. _eauthor
700			_aValenzuela, Justin Paul E. _eauthor
942			_2lcc _cBTH CIT _n0
999			_c29968 _d29968