MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03328nam a22003377a 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
OSt |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20250710104330.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
250710b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
TUPM |
| Language of cataloging |
English |
| Transcribing agency |
TUPM |
| Modifying agency |
TUPM |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 050 ## - LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CALL NUMBER |
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| Classification number |
BTH TH 438 |
| Item number |
A43 2025 |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Amacio, Cyrus Valerie G. |
| Relator term |
author |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Effects of calcined “sikad” shell as a partial substitute to cement in concrete paving blocks/ |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Cyrus Valerie G. Amacio, Mariz Angela G. Banawa, Venus Leah V. Bucao, Mark Joseph L. Elevencione, Maryanne Daniella D. Perez, and Janilyn D. Siy.-- |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Manila: |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
Technological University of the Philippines, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2025. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
x, 151pages: |
| Dimensions |
29cm. |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacontent |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Source |
rdamedia |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacarrier |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Bachelor's thesis |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
College of Industrial Technology.-- |
| Degree type |
Bachelor of engineering technology major in construction technology: |
| Name of granting institution |
Technological University of the Philippines, |
| Year degree granted |
2025. |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Includes bibliographic references and index. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Concrete paving blocks are frequently used to construct parks, driveways, and pedestrian<br/>walkways due to their great strength, durability, and ability to resist most chemicals.<br/>However, their production heavily relies on significant natural resources, necessitating the<br/>exploration of alternative materials from waste streams. Utilizing discarded seashells as<br/>partial substitute to cement in CPB provides a sustainable solution, by reducing waste<br/>disposal problems and conserving natural resources. With a calcium carbonate content<br/>exceeding 90%, similar to limestone used in cement, seashells could be a valuable resource.<br/>This study investigates the potential of calcined sikad shells as a partial replacement for<br/>cement. The sikad shells were processed through calcination to produce calcium oxide<br/>(CaO) which undergoes XRF analysis that contains 95.38% of Cao and incorporated<br/>varying percentages (0% to 4%) as partial substitute to cement in cement-sand-aggregate<br/>mixture with 1:1:1.5 mix ratio and 0.37 water-cement ratio. The CPB had a curing trial of<br/>7, 14, and 28 days with its dimension of 200mm x 100mm x 60mm. All experimental<br/>procedures, material specifications, and testing methods were conducted in accordance<br/>with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C936 for target compressive<br/>strength and water absorption by using ASTM C140 as standard test method. Based on test<br/>results at 28 curing days, mixture 5 with 4% sikad-cement replacement passed the standard<br/>of ASTM C936 for compressive strength of 70.74 MPa exceeding 55 MPa, indicating<br/>significant capability. Additionally, this mixture recorded the highest water absorption rate<br/>at 1.64%, passing the standard absorption rate which does not exceed 5%, and the highest<br/>flexural strength at 4.34 MPa exceeding the standard strength of 4 MPa, suggesting<br/>improved resistance to cracking and deformation under stress. |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Concrete paving block |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Calcined sikad shell |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Calcium oxide |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Banawa, Mariz Angela G. |
| Relator term |
author |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Bucao, Venus Leah V. |
| Relator term |
author |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Elevencione, Mark Joseph L. |
| Relator term |
author |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Perez, Maryanne Daniella D. |
| Relator term |
author |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Siy, Janilyn D. |
| Relator term |
author |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Bachelor's Thesis CIT |
| Suppress in OPAC |
No |